1.8 Visual Stimulus Comprehension

* Visuals can be pictures on their own or combined with words to convey meaning.
* Symbols, signs, maps, diagrams and storyboard are use viisuals for a purpose.
* All visuals contain a message.  The message could be interpreted as a story, a warning, an advertisement or as information to educate or influence people to buy something or to take some action.

1.  Understanding Sybols and Signs

* Sybols are internationally recognised visuals with a clear message.
*They are understood by people everywhere, no matter what language they speak.
  Look at these familiar symbols used at airports, on road signs, etc, and  their meanings.




* Signs use symbols, colours, words or numbers to convey a message.
* Road signs can ba a warning for driver safety ( yellow signs ) , orders to be followed ( red signs ) , or additional information ( green signs )
* A sign with a cross through it signifies something cannot be done,

Look at these signs and their meanings. 

1.7 Reading Comprehension

"Ah, much better!" he said to himself as he wiped himself as he wiped his forehead. "Aha!" laughed the Sun. "What do you say yo that,my friend?" he asked the Wind. :The cloak has been removed!" he chuckled loudly.

The Wind grew quiet. He knew the the right strategy had worked.

"I accept, O sun, that you are more powerful," he said in a controlled voice. Once again, the sun shone with comfortable warmth and the wind blew gently  about. the Traveller whistled a merry tune and continued on his journey.


A.  Answer these questions.

1. Why did the sun and the Wind feel they were important?
2. What did the two of hem quarrel about?
3. how did the they decide to test their power?
4. What did the wind do? Did he succeed?
5. What did the sun do? What was the result?
6. Who was the winner? What is your opinion of his strategy?

1.6 Skimming

*Skimming is a reading technique  that can help you to
          read more quickly
         decide if the text is interesting and whether you should read it in more detail.

*Skimming is a fast reading technique. Use it to obtain the gist of a piece of text (i.e. to quickly identify  the main ides in the text).

           Identifying Main Ideas

The main idea of a paragraph may be found in the first or last sentence, or even in the middle of the  paragraph.

If a main idea is repeated in a  slightly different way, its meaning will often become clear.

Sometime, it is repeated in the closing sentence.
          
  The main idea of a story tells what the story is mostly about. Details in a story provide more information about the main idea.

1.5 Predicting Outcomes

When you read,the clues in a story can help you figure out what will happen next. This is called predicting an outcome
often you can predict what happen by thinking about what has just happen

1.4 Drawing Conclusions

Drawing conclusions refers to information that is implied or inferred. This means that the information is
never clearly stated.

Sometimes a passage may contain ideas that are not stated directly. Then you must draw a conclusion.
when you do this, you decide what facts mean

1.1 Fact or opinion

A fact is a statement that can be verified and backed up with evidence.
the 2008 Summer Olympic Game were held in Beijing, China,fromAugust 8 to 24,2008.
An opinion is based on a personal belief or view. It is notbased on evidence that can be verified. Letters
to the Editor in a newspaper are a good example of opinions.

1.2 Understanding Cause and effect

Identifying Relationships
Events are often related because one event causes another to happen.
this is called a cause-effect relationship
Mark ate too much at the party and had a stomach ache.
Cause:Mark ate too much in the party.
Effect:He had a stomach ache.

1.3 Using Context Clues

Using Context Cluse
Study this example.
The gown was hideous. It was so ugly that no one bought it.
What does hideous mean here? If you do not know the meaning,there are cluse to help you. The phrases
so ugly and no one bought it are context clues. They help you figure out that hideous means very ugly.


When you are reading,you may come to a word you do not know. Sometimes you can figure out the meaning of the word from its context. when you figure out a word's meaning from its context, you find other ideas and words around it that give you clues to its meaning
Synonyms as Context Clues
Sometimes a sentence contains a synonym for aword you do not know. The context of the sentence tells you that the two words are synonyms

เฉลย read each sentence. then complete the table

1. tony was away from school as he was in hospital.

cause: he was in the hospital
effect: tony was away from school

2.pen -chan was scared , so she called for help.

cause: she called for help
effect: pen -chan was scared

3. there was a strike and the buses did not ply.

cause: there was a strike
effect: the buses did not ply

4. the plants died as there was no water.

cause: there was no water
effect: the plants died

5. eric forgot his swimsuit  and therefore could not swim.

cause: eric forgot his swimsuit
effect: therefore could not swim

6. the street light were  switched on,so we could see our way.

cause: the street light were  switched on
effect: we could see our way

7.the match was abandoned when it rained.

cause: when it rained
effect: the match was abandoned

8.he lost control of  his car as the brakes were faulty.

cause: the brakes were faulty
effect: he lost control of  his car

read each sentence. then complete the table

1. tony was away from school as he was in hospital.
cause:
effect:
2.pen -chan was scared , so she called for help.

cause:
effect:

3. there was a strike and the buses did not ply.

cause:
effect:

4. the plants died as there was no water.

cause:
effect:

5. eric forgot his swimsuit  and therefore could not swim.

cause:
effect:

6. the street light were  switched on,so we could see our way.

cause:
effect:

7.the match was abandoned when it rained.

cause:
effect:

8.he lost control of  his car as the brakes were faulty.

cause:
effect:

เฉลย E.reed the cause the write an effect.then write one full sentence that states the cause and effect.

1 cause      : a storm hit the city .
   effect      : all the residents fled 
   sentence : a storm hit the city , so all the residents fled

2.cause      : I planted some trees

   Effect      : trees are beautiful

   Sentence : I planted some tree , tress are beautiful.

3.cause      :My sister stayed up past midninight

   Effect      :she want to sleep in the school.

   Sentence :MY sister  stayed up past midnight ,so she want to sleep in the school.

4.cause      :Lena missed school on monday

   Effect      :Lena can't doing HomeWork

   Sentence :Lena missed school on Monday , so Lena can't doing HomeWork

5. cause     :David signed up for French classes

   Effect      :His book don't missing

   Sentence :David signed upfor french classes so His book don' missing

read the cause and write an effect. then write one full sentence that states the cause and effect

1 cause      : a storm hit the city .
   effect      : all the residents fled 
   sentence : a storm hit the city , so all the residents fled

2.cause      : I planted some trees

   Effect      :

   Sentence :

3.cause      :My sister stayed up past midninight

   Effect      :

   Sentence :

4.cause      :Lena missed school on monday

   Effect      :

   Sentence :

5. cause     :David signed up for French classes

   Effect      :

   Sentence :

1.2 Understanding Cause and Effect

* When you ask why , youwant to khow the cause of somethings.
* Somethings that happens for a reason is an effect.

There was flooding because of the heavy rain
The flooding was caused by the heavy rain
The heavy rain was the cause of the flooding

1.2 Undersyanding Cause and Effect

when you ask why,you want to know the cause ofsomthing.
somthing that happens for a reason is an effect
There was flooding becaus of the hevy rain
The floording was cause by the hevy rain
The heavy rain was the cause of the flooding
The heavy rain was the reason for the flooding
The floording was attributed to the heavy rain
There was flooding on account of the heavy rain
Owing to the heavy rain there was flooding